zhizuoweiyuqiaoliangshangxiajiegoudelianjiedian，shijiangshangbudehezaichuandidaoxiabudeguanjiangoujian，zhizuodezhilianghaohuai，anzhuangdeheshiyufouzhijieyingxiangdaoqiaoliangdeshiyongshouming，zhizuozaiqiaoliangjiegouzhongqidaodezhuyaolianggezuoyong：一是傳遞橋梁上部構件的荷載以及過往車輛的荷載；二(er)是(shi)支(zhi)座(zuo)可(ke)以(yi)調(tiao)節(jie)上(shang)部(bu)構(gou)件(jian)和(he)下(xia)部(bu)構(gou)件(jian)因(yin)外(wai)界(jie)因(yin)素(su)影(ying)響(xiang)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)位(wei)移(yi)。橡(xiang)膠(jiao)支(zhi)座(zuo)主(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)分(fen)是(shi)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)和(he)鋼(gang)板(ban)，橡(xiang)膠(jiao)具(ju)有(you)變(bian)形(xing)特(te)點(dian)，可(ke)以(yi)憑(ping)借(jie)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)變(bian)形(xing)來(lai)調(tiao)節(jie)平(ping)移(yi)和(he)轉(zhuan)動(dong)，起(qi)到(dao)了(le)緩(huan)衝(chong)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，增(zeng)加(jia)橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)耐(nai)受(shou)力(li)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)年(nian)限(xian)。
橡xiang膠jiao支zhi座zuo經jing過guo不bu斷duan地di研yan究jiu和he改gai善shan提ti高gao，橡xiang膠jiao支zhi座zuo已yi經jing廣guang泛fan用yong到dao橋qiao梁liang工gong程cheng中zhong，橡xiang膠jiao支zhi座zuo對dui延yan長chang橋qiao梁liang的de使shi用yong壽shou命ming和he來lai往wang車che輛liang行xing駛shi舒shu適shi度du和he安an全quan性xing提ti供gong了le可ke靠kao的de保bao證zheng。橡xiang膠jiao支zhi座zuo在zai我wo國guo應ying用yong了le數shu十shi年nian，支zhi座zuo技ji術shu已yi經jing成cheng熟shu，各ge種zhong型xing號hao的de支zhi座zuo適shi用yong於yu各ge種zhong類lei型xing大da大da小xiao小xiao的de橋qiao梁liang，而er支zhi座zuo的de合he理li選xuan型xing、嚴格質量、正確的安裝將支座的作用。
橡(xiang)膠(jiao)支(zhi)座(zuo)在(zai)講(jiang)橋(qiao)梁(liang)上(shang)部(bu)構(gou)造(zao)的(de)反(fan)力(li)準(zhun)確(que)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)傳(chuan)遞(di)給(gei)墩(dun)台(tai)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)完(wan)成(cheng)橋(qiao)梁(liang)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)水(shui)平(ping)以(yi)及(ji)垂(chui)直(zhi)方(fang)向(xiang)的(de)位(wei)移(yi)。橡(xiang)膠(jiao)支(zhi)座(zuo)內(nei)部(bu)有(you)多(duo)層(ceng)鋼(gang)板(ban)，使(shi)支(zhi)座(zuo)在(zai)垂(chui)直(zhi)方(fang)向(xiang)有(you)了(le)足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)剛(gang)度(du)，當(dang)承(cheng)受(shou)較(jiao)大(da)荷(he)載(zai)時(shi)支(zhi)座(zuo)隻(zhi)發(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)變(bian)形(xing)，而(er)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)支(zhi)座(zuo)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)是(shi)支(zhi)座(zuo)在(zai)水(shui)平(ping)方(fang)向(xiang)具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)柔(rou)韌(ren)性(xing)，當(dang)梁(liang)體(ti)受(shou)到(dao)外(wai)界(jie)作(zuo)用(yong)力(li)、環境、溫度、混凝土的收縮或者徐變等引起的水平方向的位移。
xiangjiaozhizuozaianzhuangguochengzhongyouyucaozuobudangdengyuanyinhuichuxianyichangxianxiang，xiangjiaozhizuoganganzhuangshangjiuchuxianlejianqiebianxing，xingchengchushijianqiebianxingdeyuanyinyibanshiwaijiehuanjingwendudebianhuahuozhehunningtudeshousuoxubiandengfeirenweiyinsudaozhi；另一個原因是由於落梁過程中版式支座手打搜初始壓力後人為移動梁體導致。
板式橡膠支座的初始剪切變形如何避免：
橡膠支座應選在年平均氣溫時進行，盡量不要在Z高氣溫或者Z低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)作(zuo)，盡(jin)量(liang)減(jian)少(shao)由(you)於(yu)外(wai)界(jie)溫(wen)度(du)變(bian)化(hua)造(zao)成(cheng)梁(liang)體(ti)的(de)膨(peng)脹(zhang)或(huo)收(shou)縮(suo)引(yin)起(qi)支(zhi)座(zuo)的(de)剪(jian)切(qie)變(bian)形(xing)。當(dang)在(zai)必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)不(bu)適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)施(shi)工(gong)時(shi)，考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)溫(wen)度(du)影(ying)響(xiang)，在(zai)落(luo)梁(liang)後(hou)不(bu)要(yao)急(ji)於(yu)拆(chai)除(chu)架(jia)梁(liang)設(she)施(shi)，等(deng)到(dao)每(mei)片(pian)梁(liang)板(ban)落(luo)下(xia)後(hou)要(yao)仔(zai)細(xi)檢(jian)查(zha)支(zhi)座(zuo)是(shi)否(fou)有(you)初(chu)始(shi)剪(jian)切(qie)變(bian)形(xing)現(xian)象(xiang)，如(ru)果(guo)有(you)變(bian)形(xing)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)調(tiao)整(zheng)，調(tiao)整(zheng)時(shi)至(zhi)於(yu)要(yao)將(jiang)梁(liang)板(ban)一(yi)端(duan)稍(shao)微(wei)起(qi)高(gao)，支(zhi)座(zuo)會(hui)因(yin)自(zi)身(shen)彈(dan)性(xing)自(zi)動(dong)恢(hui)複(fu)，複(fu)位(wei)。這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)初(chu)始(shi)剪(jian)切(qie)變(bian)形(xing)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。若(ruo)架(jia)梁(liang)設(she)備(bei)拆(chai)除(chu)後(hou)，支(zhi)座(zuo)發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)形(xing)，可(ke)用(yong)千(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)等(deng)相(xiang)應(ying)其(qi)中(zhong)工(gong)具(ju)將(jiang)梁(liang)端(duan)頂(ding)起(qi)，依(yi)靠(kao)支(zhi)座(zuo)的(de)恢(hui)複(fu)力(li)自(zi)動(dong)複(fu)位(wei)。若(ruo)支(zhi)座(zuo)變(bian)形(xing)嚴(yan)重(zhong)應(ying)該(gai)進(jin)行(xing)更(geng)換(huan)。
banshixiangjiaozhizuoyinwailiyingxiangfashengjianqiebianxing，zheshichangjianxianxiang，womenxuyaozuodejiushijianshaoxiangjiaozhizuodejianqiebianxing，xiangjiaozhizuofashengguodadejianqiebianxinghuijiajuxiangjiaodelaohua，yanzhongsuoduanxiangjiaodezhizuodeshiyongshouming。banshixiangjiaozhizuodeyunxujianqiemoliangwei 1.0Mpa，允許剪切角正切值 tga ≤0.7 ，所以板式橡膠支座在外力因素的影響下，其Z大剪切角正切值不大於 0.7時不影響它的使用性能。
